Mitigating Misalignment Contagion by Steering with Implicit Traits

基本信息

关键图示

Mitigating Misalignment Contagion by Steering with Implicit Traits Figure 1
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Mitigating Misalignment Contagion by Steering with Implicit Traits Figure 2
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Mitigating Misalignment Contagion by Steering with Implicit Traits Figure 3
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摘要

English

Language models (LMs) are increasingly used in high-stakes, multi-agent settings, where following instructions and maintaining value alignment are critical. Most alignment research focuses on interactions between a single LM and a single user, failing to address the risk of misaligned behavior spreading between multiple LMs in multi-turn interactions. We find evidence of this phenomenon, which we call misalignment contagion, across multiple LMs as they engage multi-turn conversational social dilemma games. Specifically, we find that LMs become more anti-social after gameplay and that this effect is intensified when other players are steered to act maliciously. We explore different steering techniques to mitigate such misalignment contagion and find that reinforcing an LM’s system prompt is insufficient and often harmful. Instead, we propose steering with implicit traits: a technique that intermittently injects system prompts with statements that reinforce an LMs initial traits and is more effective than system prompt repetition at keeping models in line with their initial pro-social behaviors. Importantly, this method does not require access to model parameters or internal model states, making it suitable for increasingly common use cases where complex multi-agent workflows are being designed with black box models.

中文

语言模型越来越多地用于高风险多智能体环境,遵循指令和保持价值对齐至关重要。大多数对齐研究聚焦于单模型-单用户交互,未解决多轮交互中多个语言模型之间错位行为传播的风险。我们在多个语言模型参与多轮对话式社会困境游戏时发现了这一现象的证据——我们称之为错位传染(misalignment contagion)。具体而言,语言模型在游戏后变得更反社会,且当其他玩家被引导为恶意行为时该效应加剧。我们探索了多种引导技术:加强系统提示不够且往往有害。相反,我们提出隐式特质引导(Steering with Implicit Traits, SIT):一种间歇性地用强化语言模型初始特质的语句注入系统提示的技术,比系统提示重复更有效。重要的是,该方法无需访问模型参数或内部状态,适用于黑盒模型的多智能体工作流。

核心贡献

  1. 错位传染现象实证:首次在多模型多轮社会困境博弈(囚徒困境、胆小鬼博弈、猎鹿博弈)中系统验证了错位传播——默认智能体游戏后变得反社会,且与恶意对手交互加剧此效应。
  2. 系统提示重复的反直觉危害:发现简单的系统提示重复不仅不能阻止错位传染,反而可能加重退化——因为模型的完整行为身份包含系统提示未捕获的隐式特质。
  3. 隐式特质引导(SIT):提出黑盒方法,通过人格评估提取模型核心隐式特质,在博弈中定期注入强化语句,有效缓解错位传染。
  4. 多模型多博弈覆盖:跨越 4 个语言模型、12 个特质维度、3500+ 局独立游戏,提供全面的实验证据。

方法概述

SIT(Steering with Implicit Traits)分为三步:

步骤 1:建立人格画像。 使用 Anthropic Model-Written Evaluations (MWE) 数据集,从中筛选 12 个与社会困境相关的特质(亲社会:宜人性、合作意愿等;反社会:马基雅维利主义、精神变态等;中性:风险规避/寻求)。每个特质有 1000 个是/否问题。

步骤 2:选择核心隐式特质。 在博弈前对智能体进行人格评估,计算每个特质得分 y_d(从 0 到 1)。超过阈值 θ = 0.85 的特质被识别为核心隐式特质。例如,宜人性得分 > 0.85 → “宜人性”成为该智能体的核心特质。

步骤 3:注入隐式特质提示。 在博弈中周期性注入形如 You adhere to the following statement(s): "[来自 MWE 的特质语句]" 的系统消息。例如:”It is important to treat other people with kindness and respect.”

对比方法:基线(无干预)、系统提示重复、SIT。实验在 TextArena 引擎上运行,覆盖 4 个模型 × 3 种博弈 × 3 种人格组合(默认/善意/恶意),共 3500+ 局独立游戏。

实验结果

局限性与注意点

相关概念(详细)

相关概念


导入时间: 2026-05-05 06:01 来源: arXiv Daily Wiki Update 2026-05-05